Eucalyptus trees are mainly slow-growing shrubs, which are often taken for use in landscape design because of the spectacular fruits and foliage. In addition, this plant crop is unpretentious in care and can grow in difficult urban conditions. Many of them are frost-resistant enough to be grown in gardens of central Russia.

Types and varieties of euonymus

These beautiful shrubs of the same genus from the Bereskletov family are subdivided into different species, which can be deciduous and evergreen, growing directly and ground cover. Many of them look very beautiful in the fall due to the bright foliage and fruits. There are variegated varieties.

The plant has unusual fruits, similar to boxes with bright stipules. From the mix of different types of euonymus, you can create interesting compositional groups. Sometimes euonymus is mistakenly called common privet (for example, Atrovirens varieties), but this is a completely different, albeit somewhat similar, plant from the Maslinov family.

Video: Description and varieties of euonymus

Maaka

It grows in natural conditions in the east of Siberia, on the slopes by the sea, as well as in the northeastern regions of China. The bush grows to a height of 3 m in height, the tree grows to 8 m. In autumn, this plant culture pleases with unusual pink box-shaped fruits and variegated purple-pink large oval-shaped leaves.

Did you know? In the world, 142 species of euonymus are found, growing mainly in the temperate zone and subtropics. In Russia, in vivo you can meet 20 of them.

Blossoming of Maak euonymus occurs in June in the form of small light flowers. Shoots often have a bluish bloom. Bushes grow quickly, are unpretentious in leaving, are frost-resistant and drought-resistant.

Japanese

The Japanese euonymus is often planted in tubs, as it is quite thermophilic and does not tolerate frosts. It grows naturally in Japan, China and Korea. It is often taken for the design of patios or terraces, but in the south you can grow it like a street plant. Its leaves have a green or motley color.

The bush has oval-shaped leaf blades with a dense structure and gives fruits in the fall in the form of pink boxes with orange seeds. The height can be 2–8 m. Bushes bloom in May with small whitish flowers that give off a sour aroma.

Of the varieties of this species, the dwarf euonymus Microphyllus is popular, having small dark green glossy leaves and a height of no more than 0.5 m. It is used as a green fence and for the arrangement of natural borders.

In early summer, small yellow flowers appear on it. There are also variegated varieties of this species. For example, the Ovatus Aureus variety with yellow-green foliage or the white-green Bravo variety.

Video: Japanese euonymus

Big-winged

The large-winged spindle tree grows in a tree up to 9 m. Smooth shoots have a green or dark purple color. Leaves are 4–15 cm long and 2–8 cm wide in egg-shaped. It blooms with small white buds in May-June.

In autumn, quite large fruits appear in the form of boxes of dark raspberry color. It grows naturally in the Far East, Japan and China. It retains its decorative effect until frost.

Groundcover Fortune

This type of plant crop under natural conditions grows in China. Fortune's groundcover euonymus is a bush creeping on the ground. This creeping evergreen has 4 cm pink-green leaves that are slightly twisted. Flowering occurs in May in the form of white-green small flowers, then the fruits of red-brown color ripen.

The variety Emerald Gold is quite famous, having a height of about 0.5 m and spreading 1.5 m wide. Its variegated foliage has a golden color. Another popular variety is Emerald Gaeti. This small-leaved ground cover bush reaches a length of up to 25 cm and has oval foliage with a white border. In autumn, it becomes red-pink. The variety Minimus, growing in height up to 15 cm, is also popular.

European

The European species is a shrub or small tree 2.5–8 m high, dropping foliage. Shoots have a green-brown color. Egg-shaped leaf plates with a length of 3–7 cm in autumn are painted in purple tones. It blooms from June to July, and in August bright fruits ripen. They like to plant it along fences.

Important!Euonymus is a poisonous plant. When working with him, it is recommended to wear gloves.

The wood of this plant culture is quite solid and holds fastenings well. Therefore, it is used as choppers for boots, keys, knitting needles and other small wood products. From this shrub, you can get a substance such as fusen. It is used for painting, as it leaves no residue.

There are various varieties and forms of European euonymus. The Pendula variety has an unusual weeping crown, and Intermedia has a beautiful aesthetic shape due to large dark pink fruits. There are also variegated (Aucubaefolia, Argenteo-variegata) and dwarf varieties (Nana).

Warty or low flowered

In Russia, a warty spindle tree (another name is low-flowered) is found in forests. In height, this shrub grows mainly up to 2 m, but in nature it can reach 6 m. On the shoots there are dark brown growths, similar to warts. This feature gave it a name.

In the last days, flowering begins in the form of beige-brownish flowers and lasts almost 4 weeks. Pink fruits appear in August and delight with their unusual appearance before the onset of cold weather. Shrub has superficial roots. Foliage in spring has a green color, and by autumn it acquires red-pink hues.

American

This species in America is also called a strawberry bush or "broken heart". Its bushes grow up to 2 m and are quite frost-resistant. It has thin shoots, painted in green or gray-brown color.

In spring, it blooms with small flowers of a greenish or brownish-pink hue, located in the axils of the leaves. The finely serrated green leaves have a dense structure and the shape of an elongated oval. In autumn, the foliage becomes red and then falls. The bush gives the fruits of a pink color in the form of boxes.

Wilson's

This species in nature can be found in the western regions of China. Such a spindle tree was named in 1908 in honor of Ernest Wilson. Its main difference is the yellow color of the seed spherical capsules, which gives the bush a beautiful aesthetic appearance. The leaves have a motley green color.

Did you know? The botanical name of the euonymus in Latin is Euonymus from the Greek word meaning "good," that is, it can be perceived as a culture of "with a good name."

Maksimovich

Beresklet Maksimovich grows in the Primorsky Territory, as well as in northeast China. It occurs in coniferous forests and on coastal slopes among other bushes and trees. This tree grows up to 8 m and has spectacular dark purple berries. Green foliage turns pink-red in the fall.

Sacred

Sacred euonymus - shrub up to 1.5 m high. Shoots are covered with wing-like outgrowths of a width of about 0.5 cm in gray or brown. Leathery leaves up to 7–8 cm long have a rhomboid shape. From the beginning of the season they have a juicy green color, and in the fall they turn purple.

It has spherical fruits of a dark red color. Flowering occurs in May with nondescript flowers with a diameter of about 1 cm. The species is well suited for group compositions, as it harmonizes well with other shrubs and trees.

Coopman

This evergreen shrub creeping on the ground grows up to 1 m. It has ribbed shoots with leathery green foliage of an elongated shape up to 5 cm long. From the bottom the leaves have a bluish tint and shine in the upper part.

Branches creep on the ground and quickly take root upon contact with it. Flowers about 5 mm in size have a greenish color and appear in late May. In autumn, the bush gives fruit in the form of boxes with 4 pink blades.

Winged

Cultural forms of winged euonymus grow 2-3 m high. Green shoots bend to the soil and have a four-sided section. They show growths similar to wings. Blossoms in simple inflorescences of 1-3 flowers.

The fruit is tied in the form of a small orange-red box. 3–7 cm green shiny leaves become red in the fall. The undersized variety Compactus has been developed, growing up to 1.5 m.

Sakhalin

The Sakhalin euonymus came from the Far East. This is a bush 2-3 m high with sprawling branches. Large oval leaves up to 11 cm long are attached with petioles of 5–12 cm. Blooms in June – July with inflorescences with 5–15 flowers. Green foliage turns bright red in the fall. After flowering, dark pink fruit boxes 10-15 mm in size are tied.

The best types of euonymus for Moscow region

Among the euonymos grown for decorative purposes there are many frost-resistant and unpretentious varieties suitable for the climate of Moscow and the Moscow region.

Did you know?Poisonous euonymus fruits are used as emetic and laxative. Traditional healers use them to remove external parasites and scabies.

Here is a list of the best views:

1. Winged. The most popular in the middle zone of the Russian Federation. It easily tolerates the climate of the Moscow region and does not cause trouble, it can tolerate the shadow. The bush grows slowly and can do without a haircut. It is grown in single and group plantings.
2. Fortune. It normally winters and is unpretentious. It has many variegated varieties. This groundcover plant multiplies easily and spines roots. It is excellent to use for borders, alpine hills and rockeries, and can be planted in containers.
3. European. It can tolerate frost resistance zone 4, which means it can be grown in the Moscow region. It is grown as a tapeworm and in a group, near fences. Some people prefer to grow it with a mushroom. It is recommended to plant it in a place well lit by the sun.
4. Warty. This species is common in Europe and can easily tolerate the Moscow region climate. He is shade-tolerant and unpretentious, easily tolerates a haircut. They love to grow hedges from it.
5. Sakhalin. It also tolerates frosts in the middle zone of the Russian Federation and can be planted near Moscow. This sprawling bush tolerates shady places well. Only in the fall in the shade of its foliage is not so brightly colored.

Landing and caring for euonymus

Of course, each species has its own characteristics, but in general, care for them is about the same. Euonymus birds have similar requirements for soil and watering, but some species tolerate shade better, others worse. Therefore, you should familiarize yourself with the characteristics of the purchased variety and choose the most suitable place. Caring for an established plant will not be burdensome.

Important!Beresklet prefers soil with neutral acidity, so the soil with high acidity must first be liming with slaked lime or dolomite flour.

Landing rules

Euonymos most vividly look in sunny areas, although most of them tolerate shade. A place for them is recommended to choose in the sun or with light shading. A somewhat larger container with a plant or its roots is dug out the planting pit if a seedling with an open root system is purchased.

Between several bushes maintain the recommended distance. Most tall species are placed indented 1.5 m from each other. When growing hedges, they are planted more closely. Ground cover and dwarf species can be planted even closer. For example, forchun’s euonymus seedlings are planted with an interval of 30 cm from each other to obtain a fence.

The best time for landing is considered spring (early March). Together with the upper fertile soil, organic matter (humus, compost) and complex fertilizer are introduced into the planting pit. Sand is added to the dense soil, and gravel drainage up to 15 cm thick is made at the bottom of the pit, as the culture does not tolerate stagnation of water.

After planting, plants need to be watered and tracked so that the root neck is at the same level with the ground. A trunk hole is best covered with mulch to maintain moisture.

Video: Planting and caring for euonymus

Care Features

Young plantings of euonymus should be regularly moistened. Adult specimens are no longer so demanding and quite drought tolerant, but watering is required during hot summers. In this case, it is better not to get water on the foliage. After applying fertilizers and organic matter to the planting pits, the bushes can not be fed for three years.

Important!Young seedlings should be covered for the winter with spruce branches or burlap, and the soil should be covered with a thick layer of mulch. Mulching the root system will not hinder adult plants in case there is little snow.

Starting from the fourth year of life, shrubs feed twice a season:

1. In the spring. They introduce complex mineral fertilizers or diluted organics. For example, a mullein is bred in a proportion of 1:10.
2. In the fall. They make potassium-phosphorus fertilizers.

For the entire period, it is enough to do three loosening of the soil with the removal of weeds. But it is best to mulch the soil around the shrubs in order to avoid moisture loss and prevent weed grass from growing.

Plants in spring need sanitary pruning when diseased, dried and growing inside branches are removed. Forming haircuts can be carried out in the summer, giving the shrub the desired look.

In the rainy season, the plant may be affected by such fungal diseases as powdery mildew or brown spotting. In this case, treatment with Bordeaux liquid is required, as well as Hom or Skor preparations.

The following pests can be found on the plant:

1. Spider mite. It is discovered by the appearance of the web and the drying of the leaves. This insect is removed by washing with soapy water or water, and in case of severe lesions it is treated with the “Actellik” preparation.
2. Scaffolds. Appear in the form of small brownish tubercles on stems and foliage and suck juices from them. It is better to process the plant with Karbofos or Aktellik.
3. Apple Moth. The plant is affected by its caterpillar larvae. Spark or Fitoverm processing is required.
4. Aphid is brown. Damages foliage by sucking juices out of it. Apply insecticides "Fufanon", "Spark" or "Fitoverm".

Euonymus is an unusual ornamental plant. Many of its species can be grown in the suburbs. Planting and caring for the plant does not cause difficulties for gardeners. This is a fairly unpretentious and drought tolerant plant.